In the realm of construction materials, oxidized bitumen plays a significant role, particularly in applications requiring durability, resilience, and adaptability. Among the various grades of oxidized bitumen, 115/15 stands out as a widely used and versatile material. This grade, characterized by its softening point of 115°C and penetration grade of 15, exhibits exceptional properties that make it suitable for a diverse range of applications. These characteristics make it particularly suitable for applications in hot climates and where high durability is required.
What is Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 Dubai?
Oxidized Bitumen 115/15, also known as Blown Bitumen 115/15, is a type of bitumen produced by introducing hot air into pure bitumen under controlled temperature conditions. This process, known as blowing, alters the physical properties of bitumen, resulting in a harder and more elastic material with enhanced resistance to temperature variations. Oxidized bitumen is widely used in various applications due to its unique properties and versatility.
Description of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 is based on petroleum bitumen which is made by blowing bitumen 60/70 by hot air. The most oxidized bitumen usable grade is bitumen 115/15 and 70% of our capacity is dedicated to this grade.
Bitumen 115/15 is a semi-solid oxidized grade of pure petroleum bitumen categorized in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and oxidized bitumen normally used for different purposes in the construction business. Bitumen 115/115 has a high softening point and high flash point and it is highly stable during melting.
This grade of oxidized bitumen is highly sought after as it has a high flash point, high softening point, as well as high stability during melting. These properties of bitumen are suitable for many different purposes in the construction business.
Oxidized bitumen 115/15 exhibits predominantly “solid” characteristics at ambient temperatures and provides superior adhesive and waterproofing qualities when heated.
Blown Bitumen made by air Blowing Process. Heated Bitumen penetration under a controlled environment is blown with air which controls the oil content in bitumen while it oxidized. Different grades for suited uses are produced. Grades are designated by two numbers to indicate mid-points of softening points. Also, their penetration ranges.
the 115/15 specification means :
- The first number represents the softening point in degrees Celsius (i.e., 115°C), which indicates the temperature at which the bitumen begins to soften and lose its solid state.
- The second number signifies the penetration grade (i.e., 15), which measures the depth (in tenths of a millimeter) to which a standard needle can penetrate the bitumen under specified conditions.
Different Grades of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
The importance of penetration grade 115/15 lies in its suitability for specific applications where high durability and resistance to deformation are essential. This grade possesses a higher softening point compared to lower penetration grades, meaning it can withstand higher temperatures without losing its shape or becoming fluid. Additionally, its lower penetration depth indicates a higher resistance to indentation and deformation under load.
The penetration grade 115/15 is a critical parameter for oxidized bitumen, indicating its hardness and flexibility. It refers to the depth, in tenths of a millimeter, to which a standard needle can penetrate the bitumen at a temperature of 25°C. In the case of 115/15 oxidized bitumen, the needle penetrates 15 tenths of a millimeter, indicating a relatively hard and less pliable material.
Here are some key reasons why penetration grade 115/15 is important:
- Durability in Road Construction: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is widely used in road construction due to its ability to withstand heavy traffic loads and harsh weather conditions encountered on roadways. Its high softening point and low penetration depth ensure that the bitumen remains stable and does not deform under the weight of vehicles, even during hot summer months.
- Industrial Coatings: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is also utilized in industrial coatings for various applications, such as pipe coatings, tank linings, and protective barriers. Its resistance to chemicals, solvents, and water makes it an ideal choice for protecting industrial structures from corrosion and degradation.
- High-Temperature Applications: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is suitable for applications where high temperatures are expected, such as in roofing membranes and waterproofing systems. Its high softening point prevents it from softening and becoming fluid under intense heat, ensuring the integrity of the waterproofing layer.
- Heavy-Duty Sealants: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is also used in heavy-duty sealants for joints, cracks, and gaps in various construction projects. Its hardness and adhesion properties make it an effective sealant that can withstand high stresses and maintain its integrity over time.
- Electrical Cable Insulation: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is employed as an insulating material for electrical cables due to its electrical resistivity and resistance to degradation from moisture and chemicals. Its hardness and flexibility provide mechanical protection for the cables while ensuring electrical insulation.
Manufacturing Process of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is a modified bitumen produced through a controlled air-blowing process. This process involves blowing hot air through heated bitumen, causing chemical reactions that change the physical properties of the bitumen. The modified bitumen has a higher softening point, lower penetration, and enhanced resistance to weathering and aging. The Manufacturing Process of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 has 8 steps.
1. Raw Material Preparation:
- Selection: High-quality bitumen is used as the starting material. This is typically obtained through vacuum distillation of crude oil, which separates the heavier bitumen from the lighter hydrocarbon materials.
2. Heating:
- The selected bitumen is heated to a high temperature, generally between 240°C – 260°C, in a specially designed oxidation furnace. This preheating stage prepares the bitumen for oxidation and ensures uniform temperature distribution during the blowing process.
3. Air Blowing:
- Hot air is blown through the heated bitumen at a controlled rate and temperature. The air acts as a catalyst, initiating chemical reactions within the bitumen molecules. These reactions lead to the formation of new chemical bonds, which alter the molecular structure of the bitumen.
4. Cooling:
- After air blowing, the oxidized bitumen is cooled to a controlled temperature. This prevents further oxidation reactions and stabilizes the modified bitumen.
5. Filtering:
- The cooled oxidized bitumen is passed through a filter system to remove impurities and ensure a clean, consistent product.
6. Mixing and Blending:
- Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is often blended with other additives, such as stabilizers or polymers, to further enhance its properties and tailor it for specific applications.
7. Storage and Packaging:
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Storage: The oxidized bitumen is stored in heated tanks to maintain its viscosity and prevent hardening.
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Packaging: The oxidized bitumen is packaged in various forms, such as drums, bags, or pails, depending on the desired size and handling requirements.
8. Quality Control:
- Testing: Regular quality control tests are conducted to ensure that the oxidized bitumen meets the specified standards for properties such as softening point, penetration, and viscosity.
Properties of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
Oxidized bitumen 115/15, also known as blown bitumen, is a type of bitumen that has been modified through an oxidation process. Here are some of the key properties of blown asphalt 115/15:
- Softening Point: The softening point of oxidized bitumen 115/15 is relatively high, typically around 115°C (235°F). This high softening point makes it suitable for applications where elevated temperatures are expected, such as roofing and pavement applications.
- Penetration: Penetration is a measure of bitumen’s hardness, and in the case of oxidized bitumen 115/15, it has a relatively low penetration value. This means it is harder and less viscous compared to other types of bitumen.
- Durability: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 exhibits good durability and resistance to weathering, making it suitable for outdoor applications. It can withstand the effects of ultraviolet (UV) radiation, temperature fluctuations, and moisture.
- Adhesion: It has good adhesion properties, making it suitable for use in roofing and waterproofing applications. It adheres well to various surfaces, providing a reliable barrier against water and moisture infiltration.
- Flexibility: While it is harder than conventional bitumen, oxidized bitumen 115/15 still retains a degree of flexibility. This flexibility allows it to withstand thermal expansion and contraction without cracking.
- Aging: Over time, oxidized bitumen 115/15 may continue to harden and become more brittle. Proper storage and maintenance are essential to extend its useful life and maintain its properties.
- Thermal Stability: This type of bitumen exhibits good thermal stability, which means it can resist softening or melting at high temperatures, making it suitable for areas with extreme weather conditions.
- Chemical Resistance: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is resistant to a variety of chemicals, which makes it suitable for industrial applications where it may come into contact with various substances.
- Application: It is commonly used in roofing, waterproofing, and other construction applications. It is also used as a bonding agent, joint sealant, and for corrosion protection in certain industrial processes.
- Compatibility: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is often used in combination with other materials, such as aggregates or polymers, to enhance its performance and adapt it to specific project requirements.
Application of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is a type of bitumen that is produced by passing hot air through molten bitumen under controlled temperature conditions. This process alters the physical properties of bitumen, resulting in a harder and more elastic material with enhanced resistance to temperature variations. Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is widely used in various applications, including road construction and maintenance.
In road construction, oxidized bitumen 115/15 is primarily used as a binder in asphalt mixtures. Asphalt is a composite material consisting of aggregates, such as crushed stone, sand, and gravel, bonded together by a bituminous binder. The bituminous binder provides the necessary cohesion and adhesion between the aggregates, ensuring the structural integrity of the pavement.
Advantages and Disadvantages of Blown Bitumen 115/15
Advantages of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15:
- Enhanced Durability: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 exhibits superior durability compared to conventional bitumen due to the air-blowing process it undergoes. The oxidation reactions strengthen the molecular structure of the bitumen, making it more resistant to cracking, deformation, and aging. This enhanced durability makes oxidized bitumen an ideal choice for long-lasting applications, such as road construction, roofing, and waterproofing.
- Weather Resistance: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is remarkably resistant to the effects of weather, including extreme temperatures, sunlight, and moisture. Its higher softening point allows it to withstand high temperatures without softening or melting, while its low penetration ensures it remains flexible and durable in cold conditions. Moreover, the air-blowing process imparts weather resistance properties, making the bitumen less susceptible to cracking, erosion, and degradation caused by exposure to natural elements.
Disadvantages of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
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- Environmental Impact: The production of oxidized bitumen 115/15 involves the use of fossil fuels, which contribute to greenhouse gas emissions and environmental pollution. Additionally, the manufacturing process may generate volatile organic compounds (VOCs), which can be harmful to air quality. Efforts to reduce environmental impact include using cleaner production techniques, implementing energy-efficient practices, and minimizing waste generation.
- Cost Considerations: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 is generally more expensive than conventional bitumen due to the additional processing steps involved. However, the long-lasting performance and reduced maintenance costs associated with oxidized bitumen can offset the initial higher investment. Considering the overall lifespan of the application and the potential for savings in future repairs, oxidized bitumen can prove to be a more cost-effective option in the long run.
The Benefits of Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 in road construction and maintenance
- High softening point: This property ensures that the asphalt pavement remains stable and resistant to deformation under high temperatures, such as those experienced during summer months.
- Moderate penetration depth: This property provides a balance between hardness and flexibility, allowing the asphalt pavement to withstand traffic loads without cracking or rutting.
- Excellent water resistance: This property prevents water penetration into the pavement, which can lead to structural deterioration and potholes.
- Enhanced durability: The combination of high softening point, moderate penetration depth, and excellent water resistance contributes to the long-lasting performance of asphalt pavements made with oxidized bitumen 115/15.
Some Examples of infrastructure projects using Oxidized Bitumen 115/15
- The Burj Khalifa in Dubai : The tallest building in the world, located in Dubai, United Arab Emirates, utilized Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 in its waterproofing system. The high softening point and enhanced adhesive properties of this bitumen grade made it suitable for protecting the building’s foundation from moisture ingress, ensuring its structural integrity.
- The Hong Kong-Zhuhai-Macao Bridge: This 55-kilometer bridge-tunnel system, which connects Hong Kong, Zhuhai, and Macao, utilized Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 in its asphalt pavements. The project required a durable and weather-resistant binder to withstand the harsh marine environment and heavy traffic loads. Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 proved to be the ideal choice, ensuring the long-term performance of the bridge’s road surface.
- The Channel Tunnel: The Channel Tunnel, which connects the United Kingdom and France, used Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 in its waterproofing membrane. The tunnel, situated underwater, required a robust and reliable waterproofing solution to prevent leaks and maintain a safe environment for rail traffic. Oxidized Bitumen 115/15 provided the necessary barrier against water penetration, contributing to the tunnel’s long-term durability.
Benefits of Blown Bitumen 115/15
Durability: Its high softening point and relatively low penetration value ensure that it can endure a wide range of temperatures and environmental conditions, offering long-lasting performance.
Resistance to Weathering: This bitumen exhibits impressive resistance to weathering, UV radiation, and other environmental factors, making it perfect for applications exposed to the elements.
Superior Adhesion: Oxidized bitumen 115/15 provides excellent adhesion to various surfaces, guaranteeing a secure and effective seal, essential for various construction applications.
Versatility: Its compatibility with a broad spectrum of materials and applications adds to its versatility and value in construction and infrastructure projects.
Quality Control and Testing of Oxidized 115/15
1. Visual Inspection:
- The initial step involves a thorough visual examination of the material. This entails checking for:
- Cracks, surface irregularities, or other imperfections.
- Discoloration that may indicate contamination or overheating during processing.
- Dimensions and tolerances are also verified to ensure they comply with the specified requirements.
2. Chemical Composition Analysis:
- Chemical analysis plays a vital role in ensuring the material meets the expected composition. Techniques like X-Ray Fluorescence (XRF) are employed to determine the elemental makeup of the oxidized 115/15.
- This analysis confirms the presence of key elements in the desired proportions. For oxidized 115/15, these elements may include carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, and sulfur.
3. Performance Testing:
- To assess the performance characteristics of oxidized 115/15, a battery of tests is conducted. These tests evaluate factors critical to its end-use application:
- Penetration: Measures the material’s hardness or softness. A low penetration value indicates a harder material, more suitable for high-temperature applications. ASTM D5 provides a standard test method for penetration grade determination.
- Softening Point: Determines the temperature at which the material transitions from a solid to a liquid state. ASTM D36 is a commonly used standard for testing the softening point of bitumen.
- Flash Point: This test measures the minimum temperature at which the material’s vapors ignite when exposed to a flame. ASTM D92 is the standard test method for determining the flash point of bituminous materials.
4. Documentation:
- Maintaining meticulous records of all quality control procedures is vital. This documentation should include:
- Details of the tests conducted, including the specific standards employed.
- The obtained test results and observations made during the inspection and testing processes.
- Any deviations from the specified requirements or standards.
Health & Safety for Oxidized Bitumen
workers should comply with these tips:
- Ventilation: workers anywhere working should have appropriate Ventilation Because Oxidized Bitumen can release fumes when heated, which can be harmful if inhaled.
Protective Equipment: workers should use heat-resistant gloves, safety shoes, long-sleeved shirts, long trousers, and safety goggles. - Fire Safety: Workers work with high temperatures for this reason Keep bitumen away from open flames or sparks and have appropriate fire extinguishing equipment on hand.
Capacity of Loading Container
- 25kg PP Bag: Palletized and Shrink Wrapped
Loading 920 Bag in 20ft Container= 23 Ton Net - 25kg Carton Box- Palletized and Shrink Wrapped
Loading 880 Carton Box in 20ft Container= 22 Ton Net
Packing of Blown Asphalt 115/15
Oxidized Bitumen has a different Packing and you can see some of these packings:
- Meltable Polyamide Bags in (20&25 Kg)
- Carton Box in (20,25&40 Kg)
- Kraft Bags in (20,25&40 Kg)
- Blocks in (20,25&40 Kg)
- Drums in (20&25 Kg)
Specification of Oxidized Bitumen
The oxidized asphalt grade 115/15 means the softening point is 115°c and penetration is 15 desi millimeters is produced in compliance and conformity to ASTM standards and meets the following specifications:
| BITUMEN 115/15 | TEST METHOD | UNIT | SPECIFICATION |
|---|---|---|---|
| Ductility @ 25°c | ASTM D113 | cm | 1.5 min |
| Flashpoint °c | ASTM D92 | °C | 250 min |
| Specific gravity @ 25/25 °c | ASTM D70 | Kg/cm³ | 1.05 approx |
| Softening point °c | ASTM D36 | °C | 110-120 |
| Loss on heating(wt) % | ASTM D6 | wt % | 0.2 max |
| Penetration @ 25°c | ASTM D5 | mm/10 | 10-20 |
| Solubility is CS2(wt) % | ASTM D4 | wt % | 99.5 max |
| Spot test | A.a.s.h.o.t102 | - | Negative |
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